Which statement about fistula maturation is true?

• A. It matures immediately
• B. Time to mature is a disadvantage
• C. It has no infection risk
• D. It requires no cannulation adjustments

Answer: (B)

Fistula maturation is the period when a surgically created arteriovenous fistula remodels so it can handle repeated needle cannulations for dialysis. This process takes time—weeks to months—because the vein must dilate and the arterialized flow must stabilize to provide a reliable, high-flow access. That waiting period is the main drawback: the access can’t be used right away, so patients often rely on other means (like a catheter) in the interim, which carries higher infection risk and more complications than a mature fistula.

Infection risk isn’t zero with a fistula, so the statement that there’s no infection risk isn’t accurate. And cannulation technique may need adjustment as the fistula matures, since the vessel’s size and feel change with remodeling; the idea that no adjustments are needed is incorrect.