Which combination of signs best indicates fluid overload in a dialysis patient?

• A. Headache and nausea
• B. Weight loss and fatigue
• C. Edema and shortness of breath
• D. Hypertension and hypoglycemia

Answer: (C)

Fluid overload shows up when the body has more fluid than the heart and lungs can handle. Edema indicates fluid buildup in tissues, while shortness of breath suggests fluid in the lungs or decreased lung function from excess volume. When these two signs appear together, they strongly point to excess fluid rather than another issue.

Headache and nausea can occur with electrolyte disturbances or uremia, not specifically fluid status. Weight loss and fatigue suggest malnutrition or anemia. Hypertension can accompany fluid overload, but hypoglycemia is not a typical indicator of fluid status. So edema with shortness of breath is the most consistent combination signaling fluid overload in a dialysis patient.